Read the following quotation:
“A State is an aggregation of free human beings, bound together by common ties, some of which may be called natural, some artificial. The chief natural ties are community of [ethnicity], of language, of religion, of sentiment or historical association, and lastly of land, i.e., of the territory which the State occupies. The most important artificial ties are law, custom, executive government; these are common bonds which the people have gradually developed for themselves and are not, in the same degree as the natural ties, original factors in their cohesion. There are also other ties which do not exactly fall under either of these divisions, such as the common interests of commerce and of self-defense. Now it is obvious that a State, in order to deserve the name, need not be held together by all these ties at once. Very few, if any, States have realized them all. But every State must have what we call the artificial ties, in some tolerably obvious form; that is, every State must have at least some laws which bind the whole community, and a common government to enforce obedience to those laws. Without these the word State cannot be applied to it, but only some such vague expression as ‘nation,’ . . . or ‘people,’ words which in our language do not usually connote governmental cohesion. . . . Nor can any community be called a State which is not wholly independent of every other community.”
—William Warde Fowler, The City-State of the Ancient Greeks and Romans (1913)
Fowler says that a State must have "community of [ethnicity], of language, of religion, of sentiment or historical association, and lastly of land" and that it includes "artificial ties" such as "law, custom, executive government." What aspects of the United States suggest Fowler should have written a broader definition of a State?
Explanation
Choice D is most correct. Because of the diversity in the United States, many State does not have a common ethnicity, language or religion.
