Explanation
The Florida panther, with its drastically reduced numbers, was subject to the bottleneck effect, in which a reduced population must survive by inbreeding and is consequently much more vulnerable to the effects of certain alleles than usual. This frequently results in genetic defects in the population. This is in fact what happened to the Florida panther. While it has avoided extinction, its population now has certain genetic defects including a hole in the heart.
Battery companies make impressive claims about how long their batteries will last. A student decided to test the running time of different batteries to determine which battery lasts the longest. The student tested 6 different batteries, 4 brand name and 2 generic, using flashlights. The results show that the battery referred to as Name Brand A lasted the longest, with 101 hours of runtime:
Flashlight | Battery | Runtime in hours |
Gearlight Super Light | Name Brand A | 101 |
SureFire | Name Brand B | 99 |
Maglight | Name Brand C | 80 |
Bright Star | Name Brand D | 75 |
SureFire | Generic A | 30 |
Bright Star | Generic B | 29 |
It could be argued that this experiment was not set up using proper experimental protocol. What would need to change in the experiment for the results to be valid?